Terrestrial carbon sequestration is the process through which co2 from the atmosphere is absorbed by trees and plants through photosynthesis and stored as. Program overview the does carbon sequestration program leverages applied research with field demonstrations to assess the technical and economic viability of carbon capture and storage as a ghg mitigation option. Sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems the carbon dioxide. Retaining carbon in plant materials and enhancing the transformation of carbon to soil organic matter 3.
The carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems. The minnesota terrestrial carbon sequestration initiative develops and disseminates pertinent information about biological carbon sequestration in ecosystems in minnesota. Many researchers have shown that dry matter biomass is a. In some models, the terrestrial carbon cycle even becomes a. Some superfund and other contaminated sites devoid of vegetation contain very little soil organic carbon, providing a great potential for building soil organic matter and. The potential for terrestrial carbon sequestration in minnesota. However, how this substantial greening translated to global gross carbon sequestration or gross primary production gpp is not clear. Estimating aboveground biomasscarbon stock and carbon.
Table 5 stafford results, fall 2008 6 years after amendment application. Projecting terrestrial carbon sequestration of the. It provides a forum for academic, government, and general audiences on a range of ecological, economic, and institutional issues. The annual carbon dioxide sequestration by the tree species of this forest type was 179. Carbon sequestration technology roadmap and program plan 2007 ii. Jan 18, 2011 best practices for terrestrial sequestration of carbon dioxide details the most suitable operational approaches and techniques for terrestrial sequestration, a carbon dioxide co2 mitigation strategy capable of removing co2 already in the air. In view of the models intertemporal optimization of land use, timber harvest, and forest management investment decisions, we propose how the. However, the challenges of climate change can be effectively overcome by the storage of carbon in terrestrial carbon sinks viz. Carbon sequestration the removal and longterm storage of co 2 from the atmosphere carbon sink or source the balance of. Because the most stable longterm surface reservoir for carbon is the soil, changes in agriculture and forestry can potentially reduce atmospheric co2 through increased soil. A report to the department of natural resources from the minnesota terrestrial carbon sequestration initiative by j. Assessing the effectiveness of carbon sequestration in north. Table 2 overview of sites for terrestrial sequestration study. The capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to sequester additional carbon is uncertain.
Table 4 leadville results, fall 2008 10 years after amendment application. Pdf the potential for terrestrial carbon sequestration in. The sequestration options range form ocean disposal, terrestrial disposal in geologic formations, biomass based approaches and carbon trading schemes. The report also presents current efforts at enhanced oil recovery using carbon dioxide and demonstrating its utility. Valuing terrestrial carbon sequestration in national parks. We then apply fasom to estimate the least net welfare costs of attaining specific terrestrial carbon sequestration targets or carbon growth paths over time, including projected changes in forest management, rotation length, and land transfers. Research on trees has some advantages over nonwoody plants for carbon sequestration due to the large fraction of total global terrestrial biomass in forests, rapid growth, high value products other than carbon sequestration that could help the economics of carbon sequestration, and widespread distribution. The diversity of processes is matched by a wealth of. Analysis of terrestrial carbon sequestration at three contaminated sites remediated and revitalized with soil amendments introduction thousands of acres of superfund, brownfields, and mining sites, landfills, and industrial sites with contaminated or disturbed soils exhibit a variety of problems that often can be addressed effectively and directly through the application of soil. Dissolved organic matter controls on terrestrial carbon. Sustainability of terrestrial carbon sequestration. The greenhouse gas and carbon profile of the global forest products.
Carbon sequestration, the longterm storage of carbon in plants, soils, geologic formations, and the ocean. An upper estimate of potential terrestrial sequestration in the u. Carbon sequestration and the role of soil and crops. Carbon is stored in living and dead organic matter above and below the ground. Terrestrial carbon losses from mountaintop coal mining. Rhizosphere observations optimizing terrestrial sequestration roots program seek to develop advanced technologies and crop cultivars that enable a 50 percent increase in soil carbon accumulation while reducing n 2 o emissions by 50 percent and increasing water productivity by 25 percent.
The ability of terrestrial ecosystems to function as carbon sinks. Increasing the net fixation of atmospheric co 2 by terrestrial vegetation with emphasis on enhancing physiology and rate of photosynthesis of vascular plants 2. Terrestrial carbon sequestration has a potential role in reducing the recent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide co2 that is, in part, contributing to global warming. Pdf global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Pdf on may 29, 2014, afeefa qayoom sheikh and others published terrestrial carbon sequestration as a climate change mitigation activity. Jan 10, 2008 terrestrial carbon sequestration is defined as either the net removal of co 2 from the atmosphere by plants and microorganisms in the soil or the prevention of co 2 net emissions from terrestrial ecosystems into the atmosphere. The application of biochar charcoal or biomassderived black carbon c to soil is proposed as a novel approach to establish a significant, longterm, sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems. Forest mensuration forest biometricians have developed measurement and statistical methods to determine the total quantity of biomass in various forest ecosystem components, such as standing timber, woody debris, and the shrub, forb, and grass layers. Pdf the potential for terrestrial carbon sequestration. The process of removing carbon from the atmosphere and depositing it in a reservoir. We propose a new approach to c sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems through. A report to the department of natural resources from the minnesota terrestrial carbon sequestration initiative authors anderson, james l. Effects of rising co2 levels on carbon sequestration are. These results were compared with biometric data collected in the field to assess its accuracy.
The potential for terrestrial carbon sequestration in. The terrestrial carbon cycle is the manifestation of multiple different processes operating on varied temporal and spatial scales figure 1. Projecting terrestrial carbon sequestration of the southeastern united states in the 21st century xia song, 1,4 hanqin tian,1, xiaofeng xu,1,4 dafeng hui,2 guangsheng chen,1,4 greg sommers,1 luke marzen, 3 and mingliang liu 1,5 1international center for climate and global change research, and school of forestry and wildlife sciences, auburn university, auburn, alabama 36849 usa. Table 6 sharon steel results, 2008 0 years from amendment application.
The carbon sequestration is primarily attributed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen deposition. Simulations of terrestrial sequestration and carbon management over the 21st century must include the. Terrestrial sequestration of carbon dioxide national energy. Biological carbon stocks are largely controlled by actively. Terrestrial carbon sequestration is defined here as the increase in the amount and maintenance over time of organic carbon oc in biological stocks, driven by plant assimilation of co 2 from the atmosphere. Carbon sequestration technology roadmap and program plan 2007 developing both core and supporting.
Carbon sequestration describes a range of manmade and natural processes that capture co 2 as part of either industrial or agricultural and landuse activities. A report to the department of natural resources from the minnesota terrestrial carbon sequestration initiative. Minnesota terrestrial carbon sequestration initiative water. However, the drafting of the kyoto protocol has made the subject of carbon sequestration become stronger and more important.
Ellsworth,5 adrien finzi,6 john lichter,7 and william h. The consequences of the carbon sequestration were discussed. The results show that there was a significant relationship between crown diameter derived from crown. Rattan lal is director of the carbon manage ment and sequestration center, the ohio state. Doe manual studies terrestrial carbon sequestration. A report to the department of natural resources from the minnesota terrestrial carbon sequestration initiative, authorj. Sequestration in draft carbon tax bill sequestration refers to increases in the amounts of carbon contained in forests, forest products and landfills.
Protocols for monitoring of carbon sequestration in forests and in soils. Carbon sequestration is the process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is taken up by trees, grasses, and other plants through photosynthesis and stored as carbon in biomass trunks, branches, foliage, and roots and soils. Feb 22, 20 with a 30%35% loss in terrestrial carbon stocks relative to a scenario with no future mining by the year 2100. The terrestrial carbon sink harvard forest harvard university. Minnesota terrestrial carbon sequestration initiative. Daily sequestrated co2 by the trees of bbzcf was 1. Valuing terrestrial carbon sequestration in national parks leslie richardson, nps social science program chris huber, usgs fort collins science center zhiliang zhu, usgs national center e x p e r i e n c e y o u r a m e r i c a national park service u. The dual constraint of the measured global atmospheric. Pdf terrestrial carbon sequestration as a climate change.
Co2 sequestered from the atmosphere figure 2, but at the same time stored. This study quantifies the ecosystem service value of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems within nps units in the conterminous united states for which data were available. Sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems the carbon. A case study in duke forest with inversion approach yiqi luo,1 luther w. Terrestrial carbon sequestration as a climate change mitigation. O, and depleted the terrestrial soil, vegetation, and peatlands c stocks. Chapter three terrestrial carbon removal and sequestration introduction definition of terrestrial carbon sequestration. Analysis of terrestrial carbon sequestration at three contaminated sites remediated and revitalized with soil amendments pdf 56 pp, 774 k, 2010, 542r3 contact us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem. Rhizosphere observations optimizing terrestrial sequestration roots program seek to develop advanced technologies and crop cultivars that enable a 50 percent increase in soil carbon accumulation while reducing n 2 o emissions by 50 percent and increasing water productivity by. Assessing the effectiveness of carbon sequestration in. Description terrestrial vegetation, as the key component of the biosphere, has a greening trend since the beginning of this century. On the other hand, carbon capture and sequestration from large stationary sourcesthe focus of this papercan be viewed as emissions avoidance and therefore probably will not require special treatment in any international climate agreement. C emissions or exploring other opportunities for c sequestration freibauer et al. As a consequence, the coupled ccsm3carman model is forced by energy.
Lal 2004 and that these c sinks may have a low permanency and can be easily depleted upon land use change rasmussen et al. The carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems cals. Box 1027 blindern, 0316 oslo, norway 2department of ecology and environmental research, swedish university of agricultural sciences, box 7072. For example, deforestation is a source of carbon emission into the atmosphere, but forest regrowth is a form of carbon sequestration, with the forests themselves serving as carbon sinks. Federal register office of science financial assistance. Terrestrial carbon losses from mountaintop coal mining offset. Carbon sequestration is the term used to describe the capture and longterm storage of co 2 from the atmosphere. Terrestrial sequestration to illustrate the potential differences in ghg mitigation between emissions reduction and carbon sequestration, we use an example of a farm under one baseline emistable 2. Carbon is transferred naturally from the atmosphere to terrestrial carbon sinks through photosynthesis. Carbon sequestration or carbon dioxide removal cdr is the longterm removal, capture or sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to slow or reverse atmospheric co2 pollution and to mitigate or reverse global warming carbon dioxide co2 is naturally captured from the atmosphere through biological, chemical, and physical processes. The greenhouse gas and carbon profile of the global forest products industry.
Biological carbon stocks are largely controlled by actively cycling processes, that is, assimilation carbon uptake from the atmosphere. Terrestrial ecosystems have the potential to take up carbon c from the atmosphere and store it, thereby mitigating, at least temporarily, some of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide co 2 that is occurring largely as a result of fossil fuel emissions. Saturation of the terrestrial carbon sink global carbon project. Reservoirs that retain carbon and keep it from entering earths atmosphere are known as carbon sinks. Rhizosphere observations optimizing terrestrial sequestration. Carbon sequestration may also result from intentional effort in managed terrestrial ecosystems, but the carbon dynamics of these managed systems are also influenced by changes in atmospheric co2 and climate. Negative emissions technologies and reliable sequestration. Pdf biochar sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems a. Terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics and climate feedbacks. Forests, including both deciduous and evergreen, show the largest increase in carbon storage as compared with other biomes, while cropland carbon storage shows a small decrease. Oct 07, 2016 interest in terrestrial carbon sequestration has increased in an effort to explore opportunities for climate change mitigation.
Carbon sequestration is the process involved in carbon capture and the longterm storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide co 2 and may refer specifically to. Desertification has caused historic carbon loss of 20 to 30 pg. In response to concerns about climate change resulting from increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, interest has been drawn to geoengineering techniques such as carbon capture and storage. Jan 16, 2008 almost all the models show terrestrial co 2 sequestration in the early phase of industrial.
Dissolved organic matter controls on terrestrial carbon sequestration and export in contrasting california ecosystemsamundson objectives this study addresses the role of dissolved organic carbon doc in both translocating carbon within soils and in exporting carbon from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems via the hydrologic cycle. Consequently, terrestrial sequestration, which uses photosynthesis part of the natural carbon cycle. Lands managed by the national park service nps provide a wide range of beneficial services to the american public. A study of carbon sequestration in dry land ecosystems carried out by lal 73 revealed that despite low soil organic carbon concentration because of desertification, total soil organic carbon pool of soils of the dry lands is 241 pg. No proportional increase of terrestrial gross carbon. Combining annual net carbon balance data with spatially explicit nps land unit boundaries and. The supply of terrestrial carbon sequestration in minnesota. Changes in terrestrial or landbased ecosystemsfor instance, as a result of climate or land use changescan contribute to changes in carbon storage, which in turn can affect the climate system through the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Apart from positive effects in both reducing emissions and increasing the sequestration of greenhouse gases, the production of biochar and its application to soil will deliver. Terrestrial carbon sequestration in national parks. Ruddiman 2005 estimated the depletion of the terrestrial. Semantic scholar extracted view of the potential for terrestrial carbon sequestration in minnesota. Direct measurement of changes in the concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere provides one estimate of the global terrestrial sink table 1.
1075 199 666 438 169 1176 947 500 1312 1151 402 1127 529 1589 579 1357 57 1262 1404 364 334 298 42 142 590